All the colleges have been classified from the Chilean Ministry out of Degree towards the around three accounts, particularly reduced-achieving universities, mid-finding schools and you may high-finding universities, depending new efficiency of their pupils in all SIMCE examination ( thirty-two ) .
Anthropometric specifications and you can nutritional status
Standardized procedures were used to measure students’ weight to the nearest 0·1 kg, using a Seca scale (SECA, Hamburg, Germany), and height to the nearest 0·1 cm, using a Holtain stadiometer. All instruments were verified before measuring each participant ( Reference Gibson 33 ) . BMI (kg/m 2 ) and height-for-age were evaluated, and Z-scores were obtained according to the references of the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics (USA) ( Reference Kuczmarski, Ogden and Guo 34 ) . Nutritional status was defined as follows: underweight, BMI Z-score
Socio-monetary updates
Socio-financial reputation (SES) try counted playing with a measure considering Graffar’s altered means which was adapted in order to Chilean urban and you may rural communities ( Reference Alvarez, Muzzo and Ivaple on five socio-economic communities: 1=high (0·3 %); 2=mid–higher (14·eight %); 3=center (38·step 3 %); 4=mid–reasonable (45·six %); and 5=lowest (1·step 1 %). Although not, within our data we blended these four categories with the about three: higher (1+2), middle (3) and you will reasonable (4+5) SES.
Mathematical research
Statistical analysis included performing ? 2 tests to compare categorical variables, and ANOVA and Bonferroni tests for comparison of continuous variables. After performing bivariate analyses with each potential confounding variable, including sex, grade, nutritional status, SES and school’s performance, we used logistic regression to assess the relationship between the nutritional quality of snacks at school (exposure) and individual academic performance in Mathematics and Language (outcome). In each case, the probability of passing the test was estimated using three models. In the second model, SES was added. Finally, a fully adjusted model contained all mentioned covariates with the addition of a variable denoting the school’s academic performance. Because the variable school’s performance was partly derived from the outcome variables, this adjustment may cause underestimation of the association, so we included models with and without adjustment for school’s performance. A P value of <0·05 denoted statistical significance. Data were processed using the statistical software package Stata SE for Windows version 12·0.
Efficiency
Our very own shot was developed upwards away from 13·1 ( sd dos·3) year-old male (52 %) and you may ladies (forty eight %) teens away from lower (44·step three %), center (39·6 %) and you will higher (step one6·1 %) SES. They went to 5th dÄ›lá lovoo práce (51·nine %) and 9th (48·1 %) amounts in public (34·8 %), partly paid (57·8 %) and private colleges (7·4 %) in the Santiago Metropolitan Area. As for nutritional position, 45 % from players was in fact over weight or overweight. Almost 1 / 2 of the students (48 %) went to highest-gaining universities, whereas 31 % and 23 % went to mid- and you will low-reaching universities, respectively.
Regarding the try, 56 % of students stated consumption of items in the snack time that have been filled up with weight, glucose, sodium and energy. Thirty-half a dozen percent had been thought about to possess worst-to-reasonable snacking, whereas just 8 % was in fact thought to eat match situations in the snack go out in the university. Dining table 1 gets the detailed statistics of one’s decide to try. Average beliefs away from ratings within the Vocabulary and you will Math was significantly ong people with all the way down health top-notch delicacies in school (P=0·01). The latest share out-of college students consuming unhealthy dinners at school are notably large certainly 9th graders (59 %; P=0·040), pupils attending low-achieving colleges (61 %; P=0·036), and additionally among skinny and you may regular-weight players (69 % and 62 %, respectively; P=0·006).